Mixing device



July 28, 1925. A 1,547,303

' C. W. CUDLIPP ET AL MIXING DEVICE F'iled May 16, 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet l July 28, 1925.

C. W. CUDLIPP ET AL MIXING DEVICE Filed May 16, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 28, 1925. 1,547,303

c. w. cunLlPP ET'AL MIXING DEVICE Filed May 16, 1922 s sheets-sheet 5 l f INVENTORS :nr/V556. 47 w' E .H m1 l l I erw/mns CII Patented July 28, 1925.

UNIT En STATES;

PATENT;'0F-FICE;

CHARLES v7, CUnLIrr AND PEE-CY s.v PALMER, CE BEIDGEPCE'L CONNECTICUT;

' Maxine Appueationnie'd May 1e,

T0 all whom z'mcig/ Concern.: A

Be it knownv that we, CHARLES W. CUD- Lrrr and'PERCY S.A PALMER, citizens of the United States, and residents of Bridgeport, county of Fairfield, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mixing Devices, of which the followingv is a specification.

Our invention relates to means! for mixing a liquidrand a gas flowing together through a closed channel, the liquid beingV in the fo-rm of aspray or mist and carried by the gas. More particularly it relates to the mixing of liquid fuel and air in the manifold of internal combustion engines, between the carburetor and the engine.

As ordinarily7 carried out, the fueljsupplied to an internal combustion engine is metered through ai small orificevdischarging into thestream of air 'drawnthrough a carburetor 'and inlet pipe by the suction of the engine. Due tothe velocity of the air current, the jet of liquid fuel is atomized and spreads out to ai certain extent across the area of the inletpipe. A small portion of the liquid is vaporized, the percentage being insome proportion to the boiling point of thel liquid fuel Vand the temperatureof the incoming air. The greater portion ofthe liquid fuel remains liquid, however, in the fo-rm of a mist Aor spray, and the action of the fuelfand air may be likened to that 'of smoke issuing from a chimney in a high wind, where' the smoke Astreamy will proceed for great4 distances without appreciably changing in form or size; It is well recognizpced` that an intimatemixture 0f the fuel and air isvery Vimportant in attaining'regularity of operation and efficiency with internal combustion engines. Much vattention has been paid` to the design of manifolds, inlet ports, andV carburetorsto effect this desired thorough mixture, and many schemes have been proposedto promote mixing by providingat someA point `in the manifold devicesksuch las screens, whirlingfans, air bleeds and re-atcmizers.V The use of. these devices is generally accompanied by either wear, hence short life, aswith whirling de.- vices, or throttling, as vwith screens which decrease the volumetric eliiciency ofthe engine at full load. In the case of air-bleeds the proportions of liquid fuel and air change, thereby impairing the fuel economy.

Oneobject of our invention is to lpro- DEVICE.

1922. -kseriai No. 561,522.

vide a cheap and efiicientl mixer, located between the carburetor and'inlet ports of internal combustion engines, for obtaining a thorough mixture of fuel and air with` out 'restricting the How of thev mixture to an appreciable extent. A further object is to provide a cheap and easily renewable combination mixer, gland -'and gasket, for performing kthe Ifunctionsl of ymixingthe fuel and air, for locating the manifoldon'the engine block, and making the joint between the block and manifold tight. Y will appear from the detailedspe-cificationl le attain these objectsy byl constructing ourr mixer in part ofthin sheet met-al in thewform of a plurality of vanes extending across the current of air and fuel at anangle to the direction of Yflow. At all points throughout the length of the mixer, the total cross-section of air passage is approximately the same. We usually .employ two sets `of such vanes for each mixer and one set may have its vanes extending inthe same direction as ythose Vof the other or at angle to them.l vWith some designs of4 manifold it is desirable tousenaplurality offmixers located at diiferentpoints, to neutralize any tendency of the fuel and air to separate duel to bends or other causes.V Bylproperly forming the two sets of vanes and assembling them a combination gland andmixer may be produced and, furthermore, a yielding struction. z In order that our invention may vbereadily understood, it will be describedingconnection with the accompanying drawing'fs,A in vwhichz- I Figure lis a. side elevation of an engine block,`manifold.and 'carburetor showing how our mixers are applied. i Figure 2 is a plan viewof'the partsof Figure l with the exhaust manifold cut olf. '.Figu're '3 is anjenlarged sectional view of oneV o-fthe mixersV shown infFiguref l and shows how it is constructed'and applied between the Cylinderblock vand linlet manifold to serve as a mixer, gland 'and gasket. Figure 4 isa planview of a mixer and gland showing a separate gasket; Y

Figure is a section taken on vline y51e-5 of Figure 4.. l v y 'E Figure 6 is a sectional view ofa modified form of our combination mixer gland and gasket.

Other objects gasket may be incorporatedvin their con-` llt) of fuel and air in the manifold.

Figure 7 is a sectional view of a combined mixer and gasket having two sets of vanes and adapted for use between flanges.

Figure 8 is a plan view of a combined mixer and gasket for use between flanges and comprising a single set of vanes.

Figure 9 is a sectional view taken on lines 9-9 o-f Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a sectional View of a mixer similar to that of Figures 8 and 9, but having` the vanes dished.

Figure 11 is a plan View of a simple form of mixer having one set of vanes and adapted for use in connection with the gland of engines having manifolds of the type used on Ford engines.

Figure 12 is a sectional view taken on lines 12-12 of Figure 11. Y

Referring more particularly to the drawings, inlet manifold 1 is secured to ythe engine block 2 by studs 3, nuts 4 and yokes 5 (Figures 1 and 2) so that its openings correspond with the ports in the cylinder block. Carburetor 6 is attached to the manifold 1 by bolts 9 through flanges 7 and 8. A iixer 10 according to our invention is indica-ted as located between flanges 7 and 8. 1n some manifolds one mixer so located may be sutilcient to thoroughly mix the fuel and air, so that it will enter the engine in proper con dition, while in other cases we prefer to use additional mixers close to the ports as indicated at 11 and 12. lVhen mixe-rs are used at 11 and 12, that near the carbureter may be advantageously omitted where'the design of vthe manifold is correct.

1n Figure 3 a very satisfactory form of mixer is shown illustrating on a large scale those used at 11 and 12 (Figures 1 and 2).

Y A cup-shaped member 18 is formed of sheet metal, preferably brass or copper, so as to have vafcylindrical wall 14, a fiat circular flange 15 and a flat bottom. A number of vanes 16 are pressed out of the flat bottom So fas to form flat surfaces, with parallel edges, presented at an angle to the current The vanes of member 13 are disposed so as to deflect the air current toward a line across the center of the mixer, the arrow indicating the direction of flow. A member 17 is similarly formed to have a cylindrical wall 18 and a flange 19 turned back on itself to form a toroidal cavity 20 which is filled with suitable packing, such as asbestos. The vanes 21 in member 17 are disposed to alternately deflect the air current toward and away from a center line across the manifold. This, in effect, provides aseries of alternately diverging and converging nozzles, each of substantially rectangular cross-section throughout its length, the total open area at all points being practically constant. The width of vanes 16 and 21 depend on their` number and I have found, with a manifold one and one-eighth of an inch in diameter, that six vanes give good results. The angle of the vanes to the direction of flow is important as if they are too steep they tend to throttle the engine. An angle of is satisfactory when two sets of vanes are used. hlembers 13 and 17, when formed, are assembled on cylindrical collar 9.2, the outside of which snugly lit-s the cylindrical portions 14 and 18. The assembled mixer is placed in the recess 23 of cylinder block 2 and manifold 1 is put in place over cylindrical portion 14. Yokes 5 (Figures 1 and 2) are pulled down by bolts 3 and nuts 4 to tightly hold the manifold and compress the packing in cavity 20. 1t is to be noted that mixers 11 and 12 thus serve to properly locate the manifold. Y

1n the embodiment of our invention shown in Figures 4 and 5, members 24 and 25 are alike and the vanes are arranged similarly to vanes 21 of Figure 8. Cylindrical portions 26 are rolled into grooves, after assembly, formed in the outer surface of collar 27. A separate gasket 28 of the usual packing filled type is shown in connection with the mixer. 1t will be observed that the outer vanes 29 are out back to permit of their being turned to the desired angle and to restrict the flow as little as possible.

The vanes of the mixer illustrated in Figure 6 are arranged similarly to those of Figure 8. The flanges' and 33, however, represent one example of many possible construct-ions for holding the packing. Members 39 and 31 have in this example flat circular flanges 82 and 88, between which is placed packing 84. A ring 85 of U section is rolled over flanges 352 and 38 after niembers and 31 are assembled on collar 36, to hold the mixer together.

In Figure 7 we have illustrated a form of mixer useful in connection with standard flanges having an outline of the shape shownin Figure 8. The vanes are similar to those of Figure 6. Collar 87 is cylindrical and lits inside of walls 88 and 89 of the vane elements. Sheet metal pieces 40and 41 rest on flanges 42 and 43 and have packing 44 between them. Eyelets 45, with their ends flanged over, are provided at distancesl from the center corresponding to the bolt centers of thev manifold and serve to hold the parts of the mixer together aswell as to act as bolt-holes.

For purposes of illustration the mixers of Figures 1 to 7 have been shown with the two sets of vanes extending across the manifold in the same direction, but it will be readily understood that one set may extend in` any direction in reference to the other.

A mixer comprising but one set of vanes is shown in Figures 8 and 9. Here the flat metal sheet 46 is of the form of a standard flange using twobolt-s and has vanes 47 formed in the center over an area corre- All lili:

sponding to the area of themanifold for which it is designed. Vanes 47 are shown as alternately deflecting fluidv passing through thern'toward and awayv from a center line through the manifold. When using a single set of vanes it is often desirable to have the angle they present to the current of air greater than when usingtwo sets. Vanes 47 may be dished as illustrated in Figure 10 by dishing the sheet 46 rbefore or at the same time the vanes'are formed. Y

Figures 1l and 12 show a simple form of mixer adapted for use in connection with any pipe line in which `it is desired toL mix and keep mixed a. liquid in the'form of spray and a gas. These may be put in at intervals as required between the two parts of any type o f flange.

We claim 1. A mixing devicefor air and atomized fuel, comprising two-members, -each member having a circumferential part adapted to be clamped between two port flanges and each member having a central part adapted to span the port, said central part being formed into approximately chordal vanes presenting only inclined surfacesto the `flow thru the port, the vanes of one member being at an angle to the vanes of the other member, with yieldingpacking between the cir'- cumferential parts of the two members.

2. A mixing device for air and atomized fuel, comprising two members, each member having a circumferential iiange, a packing ring held between lthe two flanges, each of said members having a central part within the flange` formed into inclined ohordal vanes, thev vanes of one member being at an angle to the vanes of the other member, the combined action of both sets of vanes tending towards a cent-ral delivery without rotative effect. Y

3. A mixingl device for air and atomized fuel, comprising two members, each member havinga circumferential flange, and a cy lindr'ical centering gland portion, with a central port spanning part, having approximately chordal mixing vanes presenting only inclined faces to the flow of gas and a yielding gasket between the said circumferential anges. Y

4. A mixing device for air and atomized fuel, comprising two members, each vmember having a circumferential iange, and a cylindrical centering gland portion, with a central port spanning part, having chordal mixing vanes presenting onlyinclined faces to the flow of gas, the vanes of o-ne member being set at an angle to those of the other member, and a yielding gasket between the said circumferential flanges.

CHARLES w. GUDLrPP. vPintor s. PALMER; 

